Chronic Effects of Inter-Set Static Stretching on Morphofunctional Outcomes in Recreationally Resistance-Trained Male and Female.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of resistance training (RT) with inter-set static stretching (IS) versus traditional RT (TRT) on morphofunctional outcomes in recreationally resistance-trained male and female. Methods: Twenty-two recreationally-trained subjects were allocated to IS group (n = 12) or TRT (n = 10) and completed eight weeks of RT. The only difference between the groups was that IS group included static stretching between sets, while the TRT rested between the sets. Ultrasound images, dynamic and isometric strength tests for the elbow flexors and elbow extensors were evaluated pre- and post-intervention period. Results: Total training volume (TTV) was greater in TRT than IS (p = .031). TRT and IS caused similar increases in maximal dynamic and isometric strength. Fascicle length of the brachialis increased following TRT (p = .033); muscle thickness and the pennation angle of the distal portion of the triceps brachii increased following IS (p = .035 and p = .007, respectively). There were no significant changes in thickness and architecture for biceps brachii in either group. There were no significant differences between groups for any muscle strength and morphology outcome. Conclusion: IS negatively affects TTV but does not affect muscle strength and architecture of recreationally resistance-trained male and female.

An Examination of Two Resistance Training Frequency Techniques in Morphological and Functional Adaptations of the Patellar Tendon.

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of distinct resistance training frequencies with equated-volume conditions in morphological and functional adaptations of the patellar tendon. Twenty-seven recreationally resistance-trained subjects (men [n=17] and women [n=10]) (age: 20.8 ± 1.9 years [range 18 to 25 years]; height: 1.73 ± 9.8 cm; total body mass = 73.2 ± 11.7 kg; previous RT experience = 3.3 ± 1.6 years) volunteered to participate in this study. A total of 16 training sessions were performed during the study period. Each subject's leg was randomly allocated to one of the following training protocols: 2 training sessions/week (2x) or 4 training sessions/week (4x). Measurements of tendon cross sectional area (CSA) and length were performed through ultrasound imaging. One repetition maximum test was performed to assess patellar tendon force (PTF) unilaterally. For CSA (2x: Δ= -1.3%; 4x: Δ= -0.9%), and length (2x: Δ= -0.4%; 4x: Δ= 1.2%), no significant differences were observed within or between conditions (all p > 0.05). For PTF, a significant difference was observed between conditions (mean difference = 0.05 [-125 to 224] p= 0.001). In conclusion, the leg extension exercise performed 2 vs 4x/week induces similar patellar tendon morphological responses. However, the increase in force seems to be enhanced by a lower weekly training frequency associated with a longer intervention period.

Chronic Effects of Heavy Load Activity Performed Before Resistance Training Sessions on the Physical Performance of Youth Soccer Players.

The adoption of resistance training (RT) programs has been shown to positively influence sports performance-related parameters. However, the chronic effects of maximal strength protocols on the performance of soccer players are not completely investigated. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of performing two repetition maximum (2RM) before a resistance training session on the physical performance of youth soccer players. Seventeen players (under-20 category) were allocated in one of the following groups: 2RM + resistance training group (2RM + RT, n = 8) and resistance training group (RTG, n = 9). Both groups performed the same RT protocol during experimental weeks. However, the 2RM + RT performed 1 set of 2RM for 4 exercises, previously to RT protocol. Pre and post intervention period, one repetition maximum of the back squat exercise (1RMSQUAT), sprint time (15m-sprint test), countermovement jump (CMJ), repeated sprint ability (RSABEST and RSAMEAN), and yo-yo intermittent recovery test level-2 (YYIRT2) were assessed. Total load lifted (TLL) during the experimental weeks was also collected. Significant increases in 1RMSQUAT (2RM + RT: +45.1%, d = 4.40; RTG: +32.3%, d = 1.84), 15m sprint (2RM + RT: -9.0%, d = 7.9; RTG: -8.8%%, d = 3.2), CMJ (2RM + RT: +2.3%, d = 0.17; RTG: +0.8%, d = 0.07), RSABEST (2RM + RT: -2.4%, d = 0.6; RTG: -2.3%, d = 1.04), RSAMEAN (2RM + RT: -2.9%, d = 1.33; RTG: -3.4%, d = 1.78), YYIRT2 (2RM + RT: +12.0%, d = 0.82; RTG: +12.1%, d = 0.63) (all p < 0,05) were observed for both groups on pre to post-intervention periods, with no significant difference between groups. Therefore, the 2RM + RT protocol did not promote additional increase on performance of young soccer players.

Exercise intensity to maximal aerobic speed, physical activity level and heart rate variability in postmenopausal women / Intensidad del ejercicio para la velocidad aeróbica máxima, nivel de actividad física y variabilidad de la frecuencia cardíaca en mujeres posmenopáusicas / Intensidade do exercício para velocidade aeróbica máxima, nível de atividade física e variabilidade da frequência cardíaca em mulheres na pós-menopausa

Physical inactivity is main cause of disease worldwide. Identify the physical exercise preference, resulting in increases adherence and future intention to perform physical activity. The preference of the intensity of exercise questionnaire (PRETIE-Q) is the main tool used to assess preference in physical exercise. Variables as age, body mass index (BMI), usual physical activity level (PAL), maximal oxygen uptake (VO2máx), can influence in PRETIE-Q answers. The purpose of this study was investigate if there is relation between preference for exercise intensity with maximal aerobic speed (MAS), PAL and heart rate variability (HRV) in postmenopausal women phase. Participated of study 30 subjects who answer PRETIE-Q together with analyses of MAS, PAL and HRV. Preference was large correlated with MAS (r = 0.63), PAL (r = 0.57) and HRVRMSSD (r = 0.52). Together, MAS (40.4%), PAL (10.7%) and HRVRMSSD (6.4%) explained 57.5% of the preference score. This results study allow to health professional, that prescribe physical exercise, understand that subjects with high aerobic capacity, cardiovagal modulation and usual PAL will have preference for high intensity exercise. In consequence, can increase the adherence to systematic practice of physical exercise. Conclude that preference of exercise intensity for women in postmenopausal phase is related with aerobic capacity, high HRV and physical activity level

La inactividad física es la principal causa de enfermedades en todo el mundo. Identificar la preferencia al ejercicio físico da como resultado una mayor adherencia y una futura intención de realizar actividad física. El cuestionario de preferencia para al ejercicio físico (PRETIE-Q) es la herramienta principal utilizada para evaluar la preferencia en el ejercicio físico. Las variables como la edad, el índice de masa corporal (IMC), el nivel de actividad física habitual (NAFH), la captación máxima de oxígeno(VO2max) pueden influir en las respuestas de PRETIE-Q. El objetivo de este estudio fue investigar si existe una relación entre la preferencia por la intensidad del ejercicio y la velocidad aeróbica máxima (VAM), la NAFH y la variabilidad de la frecuencia cardíaca (VFC) en mujeres posmenopáusicas. El estudio incluyó a 30 individuos que respondieron a PRETIE-Q junto con análisis de VAM, NAFH y HRV. La preferencia tenía una gran correlación con VAM (r = 0.63), NAFH (r = 0.57) y VFCRMSSD(r = 0.52). VAM (40,4%), NAFH (10,7%) y VFCRMSSD(6,4%) juntos explican el 57,5% de la preferencia del resultado. Los resultados de este estudio permiten que los profesionales de la salud, que prescriben el ejercicio físico, comprendan que las personas con alta capacidad aeróbica, la modulación cardiovagal y la NAFH tendrán preferencia por el ejercicio de alta intensidad. En consecuencia, puede aumentar la adherencia a la práctica sistemática del ejercicio físico. Se concluye que la preferencia de intensidad de ejercicio para las mujeres posmenopáusicas está relacionada con la capacidad aeróbica, alta VFC y nivel de actividad física

Inatividade física é a principalcausa de doenças ao redor do mundo. Identificar a preferência ao exercício físico, resulta em aumento da aderência e intenção futura para realizar a atividade física. O questionário de preferência do exercício físico (PRETIE-Q) é a principal ferramenta usada para avaliar preferência em exercício físico. Variáveis como idade, índice de massa corporal (IMC), nível de atividade física habitual (NAFH), consumo máximo de oxigênio (VO2máx), podem influenciar nas respostas do PRETIE-Q. O objetivo deste presente estudo foi investigar se existe relação entre preferência pela intensidade do exercício com a velocidade aeróbia máxima (VAM), NAFH, e variabilidade da frequência cardíaca (VFC) em mulheres na fase de pós-menopausa. Participaram do estudo 30 indivíduas que responderam PRETIE-Q junto com análises de VAM, NAFH, e VFC. A preferência teve grande correlação com VAM (r= 0.63), NAFH (r= 0.57) e VFCRMSSD(r= 0.52). A VAM (40,4%), NAFH (10,7%), e VFCRMSSD(6,4%) juntos explicam 57,5% da preferênciado resultado. Os resultados deste estudo permitem profissionais de saúde, que prescrevem exercício físico, entender que indivíduos com alta capacidade aeróbia, modulação cardiovagal e NAFH terão preferência por exercício de alta intensidade. Em consequência, pode aumentar a aderência para a prática sistemática de exercício físico. Conclui-se que preferência da intensidade de exercício para mulheres em fase pós-menopausa está relacionada com capacidade aeróbia, alta VFC e nível de atividade física